* K 







Instruction Book No. 5001 


DIRECTIONS 

FOR 

Erecting and Operating 


THE 


FRUE VANNER. 


A M A 


s ' m \ \ 
2 1860^5 

IQfl4 ^ 






< __ 


Allis-Chalmers Co 


Milwaukee, Wis. 

U. S. A. 
































LIBRARY of JONQRcSS 
fwo OoDies iieceiveu 


JUL 31 1905 



COP* 6. 




Copyrighted 1905 by 

Allis-Chalmers Co. 







Allis-Chalmers Company, 

Milwaukee, Wis. 

U. S. A. 


DIRECTIONS 

for 

Erecting and Operating 

the 

FRUE VANNER. 


IMPORTANT NOTICE. 

The high standing of the Erne Manner has caused it to be imitated by 
other manufacturers, who attempt to secure for their products a share of 
the business and reputation won by the merits of the original Frue Manner. 

We are the only makers of the original Frue Manner, and warn all 
inquirers against being deceived by imitations, which are inferior both in 
design and workmanship. 

Instruction Book No. 5001. 


4 





FRUE VANNING MACHINE. 













FRUE VANNER. 

i his machine is so widely known and its merits so well recognized 
that it is hardly necessary to make any additional remarks on this subject. 
There are many other concentrators on the market, some of which are 
peculiarly adapted to special conditions, such as the separation of the dif¬ 
ferent minerals, as well as separation from the gangue matter. The fact 
still remains, however, that this is the best machine without a single excep¬ 
tion for really fine concentration. 

The Frue Vanner machine has an endless rubber belt, supported by roll¬ 
ers, so as to form an inclined rubber surface 4 feet or 6 feet wide, 12 feet 
long, and bounded on the sides by rubber flanges. The belt travels up the 
incline and then down and around a lower drum, which dips into a water 
tank in which the mineral is collected. In addition to its travel, the belt 
receives a steady shaking or settling motion from a crank-shaft along one 
side, the shake being at right angles to the inclination and travel of the 
belt. The ore is fed upon the belt in a stream of water about 3 feet from 
the head, and flows slowly down the incline, subjected to the steady shaking 
motion, which deposits the mineral on the belt. At the head of the belt is 
a row of water jets. The slow travel of the belt brings tbe deposited min¬ 
eral upward, while the water jets wash back the lighter sand, letting only 
the heavy mineral pass and become deposited in the water tank below. 

The endless belt has long been in use, but the shaking motion and 
rubber belt used in the Frue Vanner makes an entirely different machine, 
permitting a more perfect separation to be made than with any other 
machine, owing to the small inclination of the belt necessary (from *4 
inch to IT inch to each foot), and with the use of much less water than 
was ever before possible. A large number of these machines have been 
in use for many years, and their work is of a character never before 
accomplished. The capacity of the Frue Vanner is from 5 to 12 tons 
per 24 hours, according to the character of the ore treated and the size 
of the machine used. With very fine ore containing rich mineral, large 
capacity and close work are only compatible to a limited extent, and the 
Frue Vanner has accomplished the most possible in this direction. 

The Frue Vanner is made with belts 4 and 6 feet wide. The Vanners 
are furnished with plain belts, corrugated belts, or egg-shell belts as 
desired, or as may be best suited for the treatment of the ore. We can 
also furnish belts with any flange or in any style. 


3 


Plate No. 2087 



End View. 



Side View. 



Top View. 

DETAILS OF FREE VANNER. 


4 
































































































DESCRIPTION. 


A A are the main rollers that carry the belt and form the ends of the 
table. Each roller is made of sheet iron, galvanized, and is light and 
strong. The holts which fasten the boxes J i to the ends of F also 
fasten to F the upper supports, which rest on uprights N, etc. All large 
rollers are of the same diameter, and are made in the same way as A A. 
The roller for the tightener is shorter than the other rollers, and also 
has rounded edges, the upper surface of the belt with its flanges pass¬ 
ing over it. The belt 21 passes through water underneath B, depositing 
its concentrations in the box, No. 15, and then passing out of the water 
the belt 21 passes over the tightener roller. By means of the hand screws, 
the two lower rollers can he adjusted on either side, thus tightening and 
also controlline the belt. 

The boxes holding A A in place have slots and adjusting screws, so 
that by moving them out or in A A can be made to create a very strong 
influence on the belt 21 ; and, as the belt sometimes travels too much toward 
one side, this tendency can be stopped most quickly by the lengthening or 
shortening on one end or the other of A A; remembering that the belt 
always travels to the loosened side. The swinging of the lower rollers also 
controls the belt. 

The bolts and washers 3 take up the end play of the rollers A A. These 
bolts pass through holes in the gudgeons of A A. 

D D, etc., are small seamless drawn steel tube rollers, and their support 
causes the belt to form an evenly inclined plane table surface. This moving 
and shaking table has a frame, F, of ash, bolted together, and with A A 
as its extremities. This frame is braced by five cross-pieces. The bolts 
holding together the frame pass through the sides close to the cross¬ 
pieces ; the cross-pieces are parallel with A and D D, etc., and their 
position can be understood by the three flat-spring connections, 9, etc., 
which are bolted to three of them, one to each, underneath the frame. 

The belt is either 4 or 6 feet wide and 27^ feet in entire length, 
being an endless belt of rubber with raised edges. 

No. 20 is the stationary frame. This is bound together by three cross¬ 
timbers, which are extended on one side to support the crank-shaft 7. 

No. 20 supports the whole machine, and the grade or inclination of the 
table is given by elevating or depressing the lower end of this frame. This 
is accomplished by means of screws, for this frame rests on uprights, 
Nos. 17. 


F is supported on 20 by uprights, 10, etc., four on each side, ihese 
uprights are of flat wrought-iron, with cast-iron bearings above and below; 
each middle bearing N 2 on F has one bolt hole, and there are two of them 
on each side. The end ones, N and V 2, have two bolt holes, and there are 
four of them, two on each side. These bolts pass through the frame F, 
and also hold to the frame the bearings of A A, which work in a slot. The 
bearings of A, the upper or head roller, are higher than those of A, the 
foot roller; i. e., A is a trifle higher than the regular plane of the table, 
and the first small roller, D, should be raised a trifle. 

The shape of the lower or bottom bearings, N 1, for the uprights, etc., 
can be understood by examining the large cut to be found near the end of 
this book. This lower bearing extends across 20 underneath, and is sup¬ 
ported by a bolt passing through 20. A lug on the upper side and on the 
outside end of N 1 rests on 20; and 20 hangs on the head of the bolt, and is 
kept stationary by the weight of 10 and its load. By striking with a 
hammer the face of N 1, shown in the elevation, N 1 is moved, changing 
the position of the lower bearing, and thus making 10 more or less vertical. 
By thus moving the lower supports of 10, etc., the sand corners on the belt, 
hereafter explained, are regulated. 

The cross-timbers binding together 20, and resting on them, are 
extended on one side, and on these extensions rests, with its connections, 
the main or crank-shaft, 7. This crank-shaft has its bearings, XXX, 
on which are brass cups for lubricating compound. The cranks are one- 
half inch out of center, thus giving a one-inch throw. 

I is the driving pulley that forms with its belt the entire connection 
with the power. 

G is a cone pulley on the crank-shaft, 7. By shifting the small leather 
belt connecting G and W, the uphill travel of the main belt, 21, is increased 
or diminished at will. The small belt connects to G the flanged pulley 
W, which is on the small shaft, 8, and by means of the hand-wheel can 
be shifted on 8 and held in place. The bearings of 8 are fastened to 
Y. Y is a cast-iron shell protecting the worm, Z, and the worm gear, L. 
Y turns on a bearing bolted to the outside of 20, and thus becomes a ful¬ 
crum for W and 8. The object gained by this is that the weight of W 
and 8 (from Y) hangs on the small leather belt, preventing slipping or 
wear, at the same time making its action positive. 

A screw is used to relieve the small belt from the weight of 8 and 
W, taking all the strain off the small belt, and thus stopping the uphill 
travel instantly when so desired. 

A hand-screw, C 2, provides means by which the pulley can be moved, 
adjusting the small belt on the cone G, thus regulating the uphill travel. 

No. 8 is the worm shaft and terminates in a worm, Z, which connects 
with a worm gear, L. L travels in a bearing bolted to the outside of 20. 

6 


Z and L are protected from dirt by the shell of cast iron, Y, enveloping 
both. 

1 he short shaft which L revolves terminates in an arm, L 2, which 
drives a flat steel spring, 11 (which is a section of a circle), connected 
with the gudgeon of A. 

No. 10, etc., are the upright supports of the shaking table, F, carrying 
the belt. 

R are three flat steel spring connections bolted underneath the cross¬ 
pieces of F, and attached to the cranks of the shaft, 7, by brass boxes, 
E, etc., on which are cups for lubricating compound. These springs 
give the quick lateral motion—about two hundred impulses a minute. 

Q Q are two fly-wheels. 

V V are two rods passing from the middle cross-timber to the lugs 
at the foot of F. The cast-iron washers V 1 on the bolts of the cross-tim¬ 
bers have lugs cast on them. V V pass through these lugs, and at each end 
are nuts on each side of the lugs. Thus, V V prevent the movable frame, 
from sliding either up or down and by them F is squared. 

XT. 4 is the clear-water distributer, and is an iron trough with brass 
spouts one and one-half inches apart, so that by blocking every other hole, 
water jets can be made three inches apart. 

No. 2 is the ore-spreader, which moves with F, and delivers the pulp 
evenlv on the belt. 

A copper well fits in and shakes with the ore-spreader at the place 
shown in the drawing. This is used in concentrating gold ores, for saving 
amalgam and quicksilver escaping from the silvered plates above, and can 
be taken out and emptied at any time. Into this well falls all the pulp from 
the battery. Its ends are lower than the wooden blocks of the spreader, 
so that the pulp passes over the ends of the well and is evenly distributed. 

This well is furnished only when following amalgamation. 

For some gold ores it is desirable to use on the ore-spreader a silvered 
copper plate the size of the spreader, and when this is used the wooden 
blocks of the spreader are fastened to a movable frame on top, so that they 
can be removed when the plate is cleaned up once or twice a month. This 
amalgam-saver is charged extra for. 

N T os. 17 are the cast iron supporting legs, of which there are four, for 
supporting the main frame of the machine. These supports are arranged 
to be bolted to the cross sills under the floor, thus forming a rigid support 
for the machine. The two legs at the tail end of the machine are pro¬ 
vided with means of adjustment so that the incline of the machine can 
be regulated to suit the conditions. 

No. 15 is the concentration box, in which the water is kept at the right 
height to wash the surface of the belt as it passes through. 


Nos. 14 and 16 are generally made at the mill; we will furnish them 
when ordered. 

The overflow from No. 15 contains finely divided sulphurets in sus¬ 
pension; to settle them, the water passes through boxes No. 16. 

No. 22 is a section of the launder to carry off the tailings. 

No. 14 is a box into which the concentrates fall when scraped out of 
No. 15. 

The arrangement of the countershaft with tight and loose pulleys for 
driving machine is shown, but should be higher above the machine than 
is shown in the drawing. 

METHODS OF WORKING. 

The pulp is fed on the belt, 21, by means of the spreader, No. 2. Thus 
the feed is spread uniformly across the belt. A small amount of clear water 
is distributed by No. 4, which is an iron trough with brass spouts. 

No. 4 is supported from the upper cross-timber of No. 20. 

The main shaft 7 should be given the proper speed for each kind 
of ore. The ore in one district is seldom found to be just the same as 
in other places, but when the machine is adjusted to the ore, and the best 
speed is established, this motion should be kept uniform. The best motion 
will probably be found between one hundred and eighty and two hundred 
revolutions of the crank-shaft per minute, with one-inch throw. 

The uphill travel or progressive motion varies from two feet to twelve 
feet a minute, according to the ore; and the grade or inclination of the 
table is from three inches to six inches in twelve feet, varying with the 
ore. The inclination can be changed at will by screws at the foot of the 
machine. These screws are attached to the main frame and are operated 
by means of a small hand wheel. 

The motion, the water used, the grade and the uphill travel should 
be regulated for each ore, but once established, no further trouble will 
be experienced in the manipulation. 

In treating ore directly from the stamp, too much water may possibly 
be used by the stamps for a proper treatment of the sand by the machine. 
In such a case there should be a box between the stamps and the concen¬ 
trator, from which the sand with the proper amount of water can be 
drawn from the bottom while the superfluous water passes away from 
the top of the box. But as mineral will also pass away with this water, 
there should be settling tanks for this water, and the settlings can be worked 
over the machine from time to time as they accumulate. 

The main body of the belt suffers hardly any wear at all, since it merely 
moves its own weight slowly around the freely revolving rollers; and 
the life of the belt is lengthened by this precaution, viz., to keep it clean 


from sand at every point except the working surface. Thus sand can¬ 
not come between the belt and the various rollers. All the bearings should 
also be kept clean. A machine cleanly worked gives better results, shows 
less wear and tear, and requires less power to drive it than a machine 
allowed to be covered with dirt. With a clean machine the wear of bear¬ 
ings is very slight. 

The concentrate box, No. 15, which is kept full of water, and through 
which 21 passes, may be of any size or depth desired. Though not indis¬ 
pensable, it is best to have a few jets of water playing above and under¬ 
neath on the belt as it emerges from the water in No. 15, so as to wash 
back any fine material adhering to the belt, and as such a method will 
cause an overflow in No. 15, the waste water, being full of finely divided 
mineral, should be settled carefully in the boxes, Nos. 16-16. Every few 
hours the concentrates may be scraped out with a hoe into the box, No. 14, 
and if this box be on wheels, it can be readily run on a track to the place 
where the concentrates are stored. 


RULES FOR THE PROPER CONSISTENCY OF PULP. 

That there should be a proper quantity of water used with the pulp 
from the stamps is very important, and this should be carefully regulated. 
There should be formed on each side of the belt a slight corner of scmd; 
i. e., there should be on each side sand with less water in it than there is 
in the balance of the pulp on the belt. If there is not a slight sand corner 
the corner will be sloppy, and there will be a loss. Sloppy corners are 
caused by using too much water with the pulp passing on No. 2. 

Frequently, on the other hand, there may not be enough water with 
the pulp, and the result will be too heavy sand corners. The remedy for 
this is to use more water in the pulp coming on No. 2. 

As regards the proper amount of water to be used in the water spreader, 
No. 4 use just enough (no more) to keep covered the field between No. 
2 and No. 4, so that no points (or fingers) of sand shall show on the 
surface. The whole width of the belt between the water spreader and 
ore spreader should be kept quite wet. If dry streaks or points occur, 
and water, as a consequence, runs in streaks, at the junction of the wet 
and dry channels mineral will be picked up and “floated” away on the 
surface of the water; this “floating” of mineral is caused by its dryness, 
not by its lightness; it has been coated with a film of air. 

The proper amount of water with the pulp on No. 2 and the proper 
amount of water in No. 4 being fixed, the carrying over of the clean con¬ 
centrates past the jets of No. 4 should be accomplished and regulated by 
the uphill travel only. 


9 


Frequently the sand and water on the belt will be distributed unevenly, 
the sand working to one side of the belt, and making a heavy, broad 
corner, while the other is sloppy. To control and remedy this, see first 
that there is no jar about the machine; that there are no loosely working 
parts, that everything is working noiselessly, and that all the parts are 
in line. If, then, there is not an exact balance of pulp on the belt, the 
heavy sand corner forms on one side or the other. To adjust the load 
and keep the sand evenly distributed on the belt, the lower bearings, N I, 
of all the uprights, io, on one side of the machine, are moved forwards 
or backwards by slight blows of the hammer. The change of position 
from the vertical of io, etc., thus occasioned, affects the pulp on the belt; 
and by changing* the position of N i, etc., on one side or the other, the 
right balance or equilibrium will be obtained, and the sand and water 
(or pulp) will be uniformly distributed across the belt; e. g., if the heavy 
sand corner is on the shaft, move the bottom bearings, N I, etc., on the 
opposite side, out. 

Again, the sand corner can be partly controlled by bending the end 
of the driving spring that is fastened in the collar towards the side having 
thickest sands. 

The same effect, and even more positively, is produced by moving the 
crank-shaft (and with it the table) the same way as the end of the driving 
spring is bent. 

The underneath rolls have also some effect on the corners, by swing¬ 
ing one end of each either towards one another or in an opposite direction. 

The water in the concentration box is constantly agitated by the motion 
of the belt, and consequently the water escaping from this box carries in 
suspension quite an amount of very finely divided sulphurets of high 
assay value. To save these there should be used settling boxes Nos. 16, 
which can he cleaned out once a month, and a product obtained which 
will add materially to the value obtained from the ore. 

Two men, understanding the machine, can put it together in a few 
hours. 

Regarding the bearings of A A—those of the head roller are higher 
than those of the foot roller. The head roller is a little higher than the 
regular plane of the table, and it is also advisable to raise the small roller 
and its bearing, next to it, by a piece of wood. The additional elevation 
makes it possible to use less water at No. 4 than would be otherwise nec¬ 
essary. 

The lower edge of No. 2 should be within an inch of the surface of 
the belt 19. 

WEIGHT, WATER AND CAPACITY. 

The machines proper, boxed ready for shipment, weigh as follows: 
6-foot machine, 3,350 lbs.; 4-foot machine, 3,000 lbs., and no part except 


1 0 


the belt weighs over 160 lbs. We can generally fill an order on two days’ 
notice. 

For one machine, from one to one and one-half gallons per minute 
of clear water is used at the head, and from one and one-half to three 
gallons per minute with the pulp. 

The boiler for a 5-stamp mill, with two concentrators, calls for one gal¬ 
lon a minute; hence, in places where water is extremely scarce, two gal¬ 
lons a minute can supply five stamps, two Frue Ore Concentrators and 
the boiler, by settling and pumping back. 

As regards the capacity of the Frue Ore Concentrator, late practice 
demonstrates that about six to ten tons per twenty-four hours, according 
to the size of the belt, passing about a forty-mesh screen, is as much as 
it is advisable to treat. If a battery of five stamps does its duty, the 
quantity crushed is largely in excess of six tons; for this reason the 
best practice is to put in two Frue Vanners to five stamps, if the stamps 
are heavy and the sulphurets are of high grade and difficult to save. It 
is sometimes urged that this is too large a number of machines for mills 
to adopt, but where close saving is an object, the machines so managed 
will pay for themselves in a few weeks’ run, over the saving of any other. 
Where pulp from five stamps is fed to two machines, the pulp is divided, 
one-half passing on each. The machines are generally placed in a double 
row on the same level, head to head, so that the attendant overlooks both 
rows in walking between; the concentrator floor should be far enough 
below the level of the battery to allow the feed launder to be above the 
head of the attendant. 

In many cases three Frue Vanners to ten stamps will yield entirely 
satisfactory work, and, where the gangue is light, or the stamps not heavy, 
one Frue Concentrator will treat all the ore crushed with five stamps, 
and do good work. 

In some cases no sizing of the material is used; the pulp passes 
directly from the stamps onto the copper plates (if used) and thence 
upon the Vanners. On most ores sizers or classifiers should be used to 
obtain the best possible results. 

One of the most important general directions is: keep the machines 
clean; no splashing of sand over the sides of the belt must be permitted, 
and all timber work, as well as metal work, should always be bright and 
clean. There is no reason why a Frue Concentrator should not be kept 
as clean and in as good condition of wear as a well-run engine, and in 
vood mills this is done. It mav be accepted as an axiom that a dirty 
machine is not doing its proper duty. 


11 


ADDITIONAL REMARKS AND EXPLANATIONS. 

The belt forms the bed or plane on which the dressing of the ore is 
effected, being an inclined plane twelve feet long, and bounded down the 
two sides by projecting rubber flanges, which prevent the water and sand 
from dropping over the sides. The arrangement of rollers permits of 
the belt being slowly revolved in the direction of its length and up the 
incline. Thus, though the dimensions of the working plane remain always 
the same, its surface is constantly traveling. The crushed rock in a small 
stream of water falls near the upper end of the belt through the sand 
distributer, No. 2, and flows down the belt toward its lower end. Now, 
as the inclination at which the belt is set is only from three to six inches 
on the twelve feet, and as the stream of water is not large and spreads 
also over the whole width of the belt, it is obvious that much of the 
crushed rock contained in the water would settle on the belt, while the 
water and the finer and lighter particles of sand would alone reach the 
foot of the table and drop over into a waste launder. In addition, we 
have the traveling of the belt upwards and onwards continuously. The 
effect of this would naturally be to deliver all the rock which has settled 
on the belt over the upper end of the roller, A, and deposit the same 
eventually in the water tank No. 15 below, through which the belt passes 
in plying around the lower roller. The action of the belt then simply 
amounts to this, that it forms an inclined plane or working surface, which, 
by its progressive motion, will deposit in the tank, No. 15, all the solid 
material which settles on it—i. e., whatever is not carried off in suspen¬ 
sion by the water flowing from No. 2. The belt is merely a self-dis¬ 
charging bed. To separate the heavy metallic mineral from the accom¬ 
panying gangue or rock, it is evident that the above described action of 
the belt is not sufficient, for not only would the mineral be delivered in 
the tank below, but also a large proportion of the rock, which would cer¬ 
tainly settle on the belt as well. A separation of the two classes has 
vet to be accomplished. For this purpose a second stream of water is 
employed. About one foot above the sand distributer—that is, just 
below the first small roller, D—the water distributer is arranged, which 
delivers small jets of water, three inches or less apart, over the entire width 
of the belt. The revolving belt, carrying its load of settled rock and min¬ 
eral, travels past the jets of water, taking with it such particles of min¬ 
eral as might have weight or specific gravity sufficient to resist the force 
of the descending water, while the lighter particles of rock are driven 
back by the water and do not reach the tank, No. 15. A belt working in 
this manner has been in use for many years as a dressing machine for 
slimes. In England it is known as Brunton’s belt. As then used, how¬ 
ever, the machine is yet imperfect. A considerable inclination has been 
given to the upper surface, very little slime is fed on at a time, with a 


pretty large stream of water and after all, unless carefully watched and 
occasionally broomed over, the slime sand will pack upon the belt, and 
the water cut channels for itself, down which it will flow rapidly, carry¬ 
ing ofif the sand and mineral together. 

In the Frue Concentrator a new principle is introduced. It is that 
of a gentle side-shake given at right angles to the length and travel of 
the belt. By the introduction of this secondary motion the sand is kept 
in gentle agitation, uniformly distributed over the whole width of the 
belt, and the heavier particles of mineral, settling through the sand, cling 
to the belt and are carried up by it, past the small jets of water, and 
deposited in a clean state within the tank for collection. Very little water 
is now needed to effect the separation of rock from mineral, the belt is 
flatter, and the flow of water is proportionally slower, giving every oppor¬ 
tunity for the settlement of the minerals before the sand is discharged 
at the lower end of the waste launder. The capacity of the machine is 
very greatly increased, and a class of material can be treated that was 
before impossible or impracticable. 

This machine is not adapted to the treatment of very coarse material, 
nor is it required for such, as the ordinary forms of “jigging” machines 
in common use are perfect enough for that. In reducing ore, however, 
to a size convenient for dressing, whether by stamping, crushing or grind¬ 
ing, a varying proportion of rock and mineral is broken very fine, and, 
when carried off by water, is technically known as “slimes.” “Slimes” 
are always more difficult to treat than the coarser particles, because much 
of the mineral is in so finely a divided state that it flows off readily in 
a stream of water, and refuses to settle away from the fine rock. Many 
forms of washing apparatus have been devised for the special treatment 
of slimes. Among the more successful may be mentioned plain and 
revolving buddies, inclined frames, shaking tables of various descrip¬ 
tions, plain revolving belts, blankets and bide sluices. 

In order to understand the condition under which a machine must 
operate in order to extract the metalliferous constituents of a “slime” from 
the accompanying particles of rock or gangue, it will be worth while to 
examine the process of “vanning” on a shovel or pan, which is the most 
perfect method of separation we know of because in it we employ human 
judgment—a thing which does not enter into the movements of machin¬ 
ery, except for their adjustment. In vanning comparatively coarse par¬ 
ticles of mixed rock and material, a particular throw is communicated to 
the shovel or pan which causes the contents to move forward by a suc¬ 
cession of jumps, as it were; the metallic ores, being of a greater specific 
gravity than the sand, move ahead of it and form a distinct “head” of 
mineral, easily distinguishable from the rock. With “slimes,” however, 
the process of vanning is different. The muddy water is kept in gentle 


13 


motion for some time by a circular motion of the shovel until the almost 
impalpable mineral slowly settles to the bottom. The motion is now inter¬ 
rupted for a short time to allow a further settling of the mineral, when 
a gentle wave of water is caused to flow repeatedly over it, washing the 
fine rock across the shovel ahead of the mineral, which withstands better 
the flow of water. In this second case the mineral cannot be thrown for¬ 
ward as was first described. It has not weight or “body ’ enough for 
that, but is separated from the sand by taking advantage of the greater 
resistance it offers to a wash of water when once settled on the shovel. 
Here is a very important point—this clinging property of finely divided 
mineral—which can be well illustrated by putting on to a common plate 
a small quantity of very finely pulverized galena or other metallic ore. 
On wetting the ore and shaking it over the plate, the clinging power of 
the fine mineral is shown when we try to wash the plate by a stream 
of water. As long as it is well covered with water the motion produces 
no effect to dislodge it. It is to this property of the slime mineral that 
much of the great success of the Frue belt must be attributed. The 
shaking motion settles the mineral from the sand as it flows slowly down 
the belt, all the material being kept in gentle motion as in the prelimi¬ 
nary settling on a shovel. When once the mineral has touched the sur¬ 
face of the belt it clings and is carried up past the small streams of 
water at the head of the machine, and is dropped as the belt passes 
through the water tank in a reversed position. 

The side-shake communicated to the belt is of the utmost advantage 
in more ways than the settling of the mineral from the sand, for by 
keeping all the material in motion the belt can be set at a slighter angle, 
a smaller quantity of water used and a much greater quantity of mate¬ 
rial operated on than if a simple belt without lateral movement were 
employed. The sand does not “pack"—causing the water to cut chan¬ 
nels and run off in small streams—but is always uniformly distributed 
over the whole width of the belt. 

As regards the ores on which the machine will work, the only point 
of importance is that there be a fair difference between the specific grav¬ 
ity of the mineral to be saved and that of the waste matter with it. The 
following minerals have been worked upon with excellent results: Iron 
and copper pyrites, arsenical iron pyrites, zinc blende, galena, tin stone, 
native silver, carbonates of lead and copper, and native copper, tellurides 
of gold and silver, and, in the case of “tailings” from amalgamating 
mills, “floured" quicksilver, and “slimes,” floating from settling tanks, 
have been experimented on, and made to yield the impalpable mineral 
which they contained. 

Actual working experience has suggested various improvements in 


14 


the details of construction, so that, as now made, the machine is light 
running and durable, easily set up, and readily regulated in all its parts. 

The quantity of rock treated will depend on several circumstances. 
If the ore be of the very finest slimes, of course, not so much of it can be 
treated as if some of the material be coarser. If a good separation is 
required, the machine should not be crowded. For running a single 
machine, it is estimated that all the power required is only one-quarter 
of one horse-power; and one man attends to sixteen machines without 
difficulty, as the only work necessary is to oil them and keep them clean 
about the working parts, regulate the water, and scrape out the concen¬ 
trated mineral occasionally from the water tank. As already stated, very 
little water is used—less, probably, for the quantity of rock treated than 
on any other form of washing appliance. When six machines are used, 
we estimate the cost of treating sand when it is ready to flow on to the 
machine at less than 20 cents per ton, dependent, of course, upon the 
conditions under which they work. Of course, in these figures, as to 
cost and the ease with which the machines can be managed, it is taken 
for granted that the work is constant, and the conditions uniform. Under 
such circumstances, the results are no mere matter of guesswork, but 
the result of actual workings on a large scale for several years at a 
time. If the speed at which the machines are run is continually vary¬ 
ing, or the quantity of ore delivered at the belt is not regular, it will 
keep a man continually busy at each machine regulating it. This is a 
matter on which, however, it ought not to be necessary to enlarge, as 
any person of practical experience will appreciate at once the difference 
between fair and unfair conditions of working, and the difference between 
the cost of an experimental short trial on a single machine and the 
results of a steady working of one or more machines arranged to work 
automatically. 

In running the machine, the point of greatest importance is regular¬ 
ity—regularity in speed, regularity in the delivery of materials on to 
the belt, and regularity in the supply of clear water. The necessity for 
this must be obvious to any one who thinks of the work to be done by 
an automatic machine. With hand labor the judgment of man regulates 
the means employed in conformity with varying conditions; but in a 
machine, the object of which is to supersede hand labor, it becomes 
obvious that, having once adjusted the movements to effect a certain 
object under certain conditions, the desired result can only be attained 
by the maintenance of the necessary conditions. In this concentrator, 
supposing the inclination of the belt to be fixed for a certain class of 
material, the regulation of the work to be accomplished is effected by 
three things, viz., the speed with which the belt revolves, the rapidity 
of the side-shake, and the supply of clear water at the head. Having 


15 


adjusted these three conditions to a given feed delivered on the belt, that 
feed must remain pretty constant; the result, both in richness of the 
mineral collected and the poverty of the “tailings” or waste, will be 
then continuously maintained. We will examine separately the regu¬ 
lating effect of the three conditions mentioned above. 

The revolution of the belt is the agency by which the delivery of the 
clean material is effected; the necessity for a proper travel is perceived 
if the result of the two extremes be considered. Supposing the belt to 
remain stationary, no delivery of mineral could possibly take place; while 
if a great travel be communicated, everything which fell on the belt from 
the sand distributer No. 2, would be rushed past the clear water at No. 
4 and collected in the tank. Between these extremes there is the desired 
mean—a speed which shall be sufficient to deliver continuously all the 
mineral collected by the belt, but not so great as to require a flood of 
water at No. 4 to keep back the sand. If the ore treated be poor in 
mineral, the upward motion of the belt should not exceed twenty inches 
per minute. If richer, the speed may be increased accordingly and in 
agreement with the inclination of the belt—being greater as the inclina¬ 
tion increases—but usually not exceeding three and one-half feet per 
minute. 

To examine the influence of the side-shake, two extreme cases may 
also be cited. In the absence of side movement, with the ordinary sup¬ 
ply of material coming on to the belt, no separation can be effected by 
a reasonable stream of water at No. 4. The greater part of the rock 
will pass over into the tank with the mineral. It “packs" upon the belt. 
To drive the crank-shaft, 7, at a furious rate, and thus violently agitate 
the belt and its load, has the effect of working everything off the foot 
of the table. In this matter, as with the revolution of the belt, there is 
clearly a desirable mean—a speed at which the material on the belt is 
kept in gentle motion, lightly suspended in the water, and thus easily 
carried by it down the belt—a speed which allows and facilitates the 
settlement of the mineral from the rock, and disturbs it not, when once 
settled on the belt. The customary rate of driving this side motion 
varies from one hundred and eighty to two hundred revolutions of the 
shaft, 7, per minute; the former speed being for fine, light “slimes,” 
the latter for rough and heavy sand. 

As regards the regulation of the water delivered at No. 4, keep the 
field between No. 4 and No. 2 nicely covered with water, and bring the 
mineral through by regulating the uphill travel. To make the final sep¬ 
aration of mineral from sand, some little judgment is necessary. As 
already stated, the delivery holes in the water launder are one and one- 
half inches apart across the whole width of the belt. The clear mineral 
creeps up between these small jets of water, so that, as delivered over 


the head of the belt, at A, the form is that of longitudinal streaks, fur¬ 
ther or nearer apart, and of greater or less width, according as the rich¬ 
ness of the material treated is different. The primary object to be at¬ 
tained in the adjustment of the uphill travel is, that the clean mineral 
shall be allowed to pass over into the tank at the same rate as it is fed 
on to the belt in the mixture to be separated. For example, suppose 
that in every hour eight hundred pounds of mixed rock and mineral pass 
on to the belt, and that the mixture contains 5 per cent of heavy material 
—say galena. Now, disregarding the small loss of mineral in the proper 
waste or tailings, the uphill travel must be so regulated that there is a 
steady delivery of mineral at the rate of forty pounds per hour. No 
more than this can possibly be delivered unless rocky impurities are 
allowed to pass and be weighed in; and if less than this passes, there 
must be a continual accumulation of mineral on the belt, which will 
eventually produce loss in the waste. This may, perhaps, seem a rather 
delicate point to hit, and appear difficult to execute; but, in reality, it 
is a very simple matter, on which the eye furnishes a sure guide. The 
gauge by which this adjustment is rendered easy is the extent of “head” 
of mineral, showing at the point No. 4 where the water strikes the belt. 
Again, the weight of mineral as it gets strong and heavy forces it more 
past the water. Should the discharge of mineral exceed the quantity 
falling on the belt, sand or rock will be found close up to the jets of 
water; and by and by passing them in place of mineral. If the uphill 
travel be too slow, the mineral collects below No. 4, forming a great 
“head,” extending towards No. 2 and even below, in which latter case 
an increased loss of mineral will assuredly take place in the waste. When 
working properly, a small head is always kept below the jets of clear 
water, and the mineral comes over clean and regularly. A few hours’ 
experience will instruct any one sufficiently on this fact*; and having 
once adjusted the uphill travel, the machine will work continuously and 
uniformly, as long as the conditions are kept constant. Nothing more 
than this can be expected of any machine. The spouts supplied with the 
machines are one and one-half inches apart and on most ores it is advis¬ 
able to partially or wholly block up every other spout, leaving jets of 
water three inches apart. 

In starting the machine, the driving belt is slipped from the loose 
to the tight pulley on the countershaft and the whole frame, F, with 
the end rollers, A A and B and C, and the belt, 21, immediately com¬ 
mence a gentle lateral oscillation. It is hardly necessary to say that previ¬ 
ous to starting, all the working parts must be oiled. When newly set up 
the machine may naturally work somewhat stiffly, but after a few hours’ 
running every part will be found to move with remarkable smoothness 
and ease. The machine should work almost noiselessly. If there be any 


jar or knock, the cause must be found and a remedy applied. These jars 
can be easily remedied, and are not faults in the machine, but in the set¬ 
ting - up or adjustment. If the side-shake be found to work smoothly and 
without a jar, the uphill travel or progressive motion can be given. The 
machine is now at work, and some clear water run on it from No. 4 will 
show whether the belt is level across. If not, it is easily leveled by the 
adjusting screws at the foot. Now the ore-feed is started. 

Supposing all instructions to have been properly followed, the ma¬ 
chine will be working now regularly and smoothly. The water and sand 
flow down the belt uniformly over the whole width of the belt; the lighter 
sand, kept gently moving, floats along towards the lower end of the belt; 
the heavy mineral settles on the surface of the belt, and having once 
touched the latter, clings with a force not easily overcome. The belt 
moving always onwards, brings all the mineral up to the clear water at 
No. 4; and here the difference between rock and mineral becomes appar¬ 
ent. The clean mineral passes between the jets of water, and is deposited 
in the tank below; the sand works gradually down, to be replaced by 
other particles. 

In treating slimes, as indeed with all other qualities of material, as 
little water as practicable should be fed on with it. A large volume of 
water on a plane inclined surface implies speed and force—two unde¬ 
sirable elements in the separation of fine mineral. For this reason slimes 
cannot be treated as rapidly as a rougher quality of sand, since with a 
given volume of water a greater weight of material can be carried on to 
the belt when rough than when in the form of slime. From an extended 
experience with the machine, it has been found that with a slightly in¬ 
creased speed of the side motion, any rough particles of rock are much 
more easily mpved than fine mineral; that it is easy to work the coarse 
sand off the belt, and at the same time produce extremely slight loss, 
even of the very finest mineral. This observation led to the working of 
mixtures of sizes which should properly, on the usually accepted theory, 
have been classified and treated separately. When a mixture of rough and 
fine—as, for instance, the discharge from a stamp battery—is fed upon 
the machines, much more can be treated in a given time on a given 
number of machines. For instance, in treating slimes, from three to 
four tons in twenty-four hours is about as much as can be fed, while 
with rough and fine, six tons can be treated in the same time on one 
machine, and both the coarse and the very finest material be saved to¬ 
gether. What is meant by comparatively coarse rock is, say, all that 
will pass a screen of thirty holes to a lineal inch. It is preferred to use 
a screen of forty holes to the lineal inch and with this extremelv 2 - ood 
results are always obtained. Even with forty holes to the lineal inch, 
there is, of course, a great difference between the largest particles of 


rock and the finest “slime” also present, but the side motion works oft* 
the rock and never moves the very finest mineral when it has once touched 
the belt. 

It is not good to make the pulp flowing on the belt too thick , or the 
particles of mineral cannot settle through it. For this reason a pretty 
fair current of water must be allowed to go on with the slimes, and the 
belt placed with a very slight inclination, so that the current of water 
will not be too rapid. 

Occasionally, and at intervals, varying with the quantity of mineral 
in the ore treated, the collections are scraped from the box, No. 15, in 
order to prevent the accumulation in such quantities as, by forming a 
mound, may come in contact with the belt, and, by the rubbing, wear it. 
This cleaning of the box is accomplished without stopping the machine, 
as before mentioned. 

In most of the mills already erected, the material flows directly from 
the stamps over the machines, and then flows out of the mill as waste, 
too poor to rehandle, so that from the time of entering the stamps the 
rock is never handled in any way. 

The tailings from the Frue Concentrators of some silver ores con¬ 
tain a varying amount of silver present as chloride, but the base minerals 
and the sulphurets containing the gold and silver have been thoroughly sep- 
arted and saved in the concentrates, and whatever chloride is present 
can be saved at a small expense by leaching or by amalgamation without 
roasting. 

RECAPITULATION. 

To recapitulate, the chief points to be observed in working are: The 
speed of the belt, laterally, being once adjusted in conformity with the 
inclination and the material worked upon, must be kept absolutely regu¬ 
lar. The supply of ore must be steadily continuous, and the water flow¬ 
ing with it as small in quantity as possible. The clear water flow at No. 
4 must also be kept constant, and arranged both in quantity and form of 
distribution to allow of the necessary discharge of mineral. No jar or 
blow must be permitted in working, but the whole machine should work 
smoothly and almost noiselessly. With the proper attention to these de¬ 
tails, no trouble will be experienced in obtaining uniformly good results 
from working, the concentrated ore will always be clean, and the tail¬ 
ings poor. One man can attend to sixteen of these machines without 
difficulty, the only work being to occasionally scrape the collected ore 
from the tanks and to watch the machines generally, that nothing inter¬ 
rupts the feed or water supply, and that the bearings contain oil. A 
superintendent is, of course, necessary to insure attention. 

We have received hundreds of testimonial letters on the merits of the 
“Frue.” We will be pleased to exhibit these letters at any time to parties 
interested. 


19 


Plate No. 2088 



ORE SPREADER FOR FRUE VANNER. 

The Ore Spreader shown herewith is now used on the Erue Vanner. 

C is a copper well. This is used for catching any amalgam and quick¬ 
silver escaping from the amalgamating plates placed above it. It can be 
taken out and emptied at any time. All the pulp falls into this well. This 
well is supplied only with machines used after amalgamation. 

The wooden blocks formerly made fast to the bottom board, A, of 
the spreader, are now fastened to the movable top board, B, shown up¬ 
side down by itself, and shown also in place on the spreader. 

In some cases it is desired, as security against loss from careless work 
at the batteries or in the treatment of special gold ores, to add a silver 
plated copper plate in the bottom of the ore spreader or distributer. By 
the vanning motion given to the spreader the copper plate becomes a 
very effective saver of any gold which may be left in the pulp. When 
this copper plate is furnished it is made the size of the separator, and 
the distributer becomes also an amalgam saver when this coppe** plate is 
added. 


20 



DIRECTIONS FOR SETTING UP THE FRUE VANNER. 


If the machine arrives in damp weather, open the box containing the 
oil shafting, etc., to keep these parts from rusting. 

Support timbers and concentration box in place (if ready) ; place 
the main belt in box and unroll the same; proceed to put main frame 
together, putting cross-pieces inside the belt, being careful that the frame 
is square; the ^4-inch bolts for this have two cast washers for each, and 
should be set home until the washers begin to bed themselves in the timber, 
remembering that the two middle washers on top have lugs for side-rods 
V. Putting the heads of the bolts on top is advantageous. 

Place the two side-pieces of ash together, draw a square line across 
the top surface at the two points that come opposite the middle and foot 
cross-pieces; strike central line parallel with the side of each stick, on 
each stick at these points. The crossing of these lines form the points to 
tram to on the angle, to see if the ash frame is perfectly square when in 
place. Put the end rolls in place, catching the nuts on the cross-bolts to 
the ash frame to keep the rolls secure. Remember that the head roll, as 
well as the first small roll, stands three-eighths of an inch higher than the 
plane of the table; the bearings of the head roll are higher than those of 
the foot roll. 

Place the main shaft boxes, using the shaft to square and line with. 
Place the mountings on the shaft (remembering the small belt) and adjust 
to place. 

Support the ash frame (F) with 13/2-inch blocks on the main frame 
cross-timbers, the belt being over the end rollers and lying between the 
sides of ash frame. Put in the side rods (V) ; put the main steel spring 
connections in place with bolts tight, being sure that the steel is straight. 
To do this, take the cross-pieces of the ash and bolt the spring connections 
to the same, each bolt passing down successively through washer, timber, 
square washer, spring connection, another square washer, and nut. See 
that the washers are square with the timber; put it in place and tighten 
the bolts that hold it (cross-piece) in place. To put the steel-spring connec¬ 
tions on the crank-shaft, the cap of the middle brass will have to be taken 
off, but the end ones can be slipped over the end of the shaft, and the 
sleeve or bushing, being pressed into its place, is secured with a key. 
To adjust these nicely, square and in line, tighten the caps of the brasses, 
hold the ash frame square in its place with the side rods (V), trimming 
to see that it is square; firmly secure the bolts in each end of the con¬ 
nection, put the supports from the main frame to the ash frame in place, 
and adjust caps to boxes and brasses for running, after which these 
bearings will be found in line, when they will run with very little trouble. 


Put the lower underneath roll (C) in place. Raise the belt on one 
side and put it underneath roll B. Adjust B and C central, free from 
end play with the cross or brace bolts, and square with the machine by 
the set screws under the ash frame. Place the collar on the gudgeon 
of the foot roll to take up the end play; place collar with circular spring 
(M) on the head roll and take up end play. See that none of these 
boxes are too tight; that the rolls move easily, or the drive-crank (L) 
will raise the table. Place bracket with drive-crank (L) in line with 
head roll. Adjust bracket-boxes with worm shaft (Z8) to gear case 
(Y) and screw adjuster (C 2) ; place gear case on bracket (C 1) for drive- 
crank fL). Place worm gear (L) on drive-crank shaft to hold case in 
place and take up end play on shaft. As regards the Ore-Spreader, 2, 
nail the thin strip under the front edge of the spreader, letting it project 
one-quarter inch to break the fall of the pulp; screw on the side-pieces, 5, 
and bolt to the ash frame, letting the front edge just clear the flange of 
the belt, with the back slightly higher; the pulp can be led on this nicely 
with a piece of 1 -inch hose. No side drip over the flange of belt must 
be allowed from the ore-distributer. 

As regards the Water-Spreader , 4, support this on cast-iron brack¬ 
ets, D 2 x, with hand-screw above and below. Lugs of distributer to reg¬ 
ulate level of same. 

The piping runs along the timber (20) on the opposite side of the 
machine from the crank-shaft, etc., and crosses the machine above and 
below the belt, back of the middle timber, and it has small holes through 
which water issues in jets, washing the belt as it leaves the concentration 
box. This spray-pipe is not always used, but is necessary with very rich 
floating mineral. At the other end it rises and crosses the machine just 
over the water-spreader, into which it delivers water. The tee for 
making the connection with the main pipe can be put at either end of 
the rise, but makes the nicest arrangement at the lower end, with the 
main pipe just under the floor; two short pieces of ^-inch pipe, with 
eighteen inches of one-inch hose, make the connection nicely. The globe 
valves should be placed with the smallest opening to the delivery; the 
water holding that valve on its face keeps small stuff contained in the 
water from getting under it, and leaves an opening for the water in the 
best shape possible for uniform discharge. Put a fine screen in the water- 
tank over the main pipe. 

Everything else being now in place take the small steel rolls, put them 
in their places in the machine, adjust their bearings or chairs to take up 
the end play, and see that the general plane of the table is straight up to 
the second small roll, noting particularly that lower-end roller does not rise 
above line of small steel rollers. 


O O 


Lof C. 


Fasten on the timber the plate with date of patent and number of 
machine. 


REGULATION OF MACHINE. 


1 he legs must be firmly bolted to the sills, so that there is no rocking. 

MOTION— All lost motion must be taken up, so that machine runs 
easily but noiselessly. Shaking-frame (F) must be exactly squared by 
the long side-bolts (V V) which hold it in place. The even travel of belt 
is regulated by adjustable bearings of end rollers on the shaking-frame, 
care being taken to loosen holding-dozmi bolts of these bearings before 
attempting to turn the adjusting screws, and tightening the former again 
as soon as adjustment is made. Inclination of belt is generally about 3 
inches on twelve feet, or Ft inch to foot. 


PULP—The pulp must flow upon the spreader 2 without splash, and 
in not too large a quantity. The water in the pulp usually is from one to 
three gallons per minute. Usually the pulp from five stamps is ample for 
two concentrators, being divided equally between them. It is not advisable 
to run first over one concentrator, then over another, as the second then 
gets too much pulp. On fine, rich mineral, where close saving will pay, 
one machine can be used to five stamps, and its tailings spread upon tzuo 
machines below it. 


CLEAR WATER—With most ores half the water spouts in distrib¬ 
uter 4 are usually plugged up with wooden pegs, leaving the jets of 
water three inches apart. With some ores it is better to use all the spouts 
open, or every alternate one partially blocked up, to give a diminished 
stream. The quantity of clear water used is from three-fourths to two gal¬ 
lons per minute. It is advisable in starting machine to plug up every other 
spout, and turn on enough water to give streams about one-eighth inch 
in diameter from each of the remaining spouts; then to regulate the for¬ 
ward motion of belt by hand-screw C 2 until clean mineral is regularly 
delivered. 

SPEED—The speed of crank-shaft is from 180 to 200 revolutions per 
minute; in calculating pulleys it is best to call this 195, which allows for 
a little variation in speed or slipping of belt. In no case must speed be 
below 180, and above 210 the machine is strained unnecessarily and poor 
work often done. Several cases of reported failure of machines have been 
found due to neglect to actually count the revolutions, but instead guess¬ 
ing at the number. Regularity of speed is of vital impoitance. No good 
work can be done if the speed is variable. 

BELT TRAVEL—This is usually twenty-four inches to thirty-six 
inches per minute, or from three-fourths to one revolution of the 12-inch 
end rollers. The appearance of head of mineral below the water jets is 


23 


the guide in this regulation. If the small leather belt 6 hanging on 
cone G jumps out of the grooved pulley, it usually requires shortening 
a little, or sometimes turning it inside out will suffice where one side 
has become a little stretched. 

CONCENTRATES—The concentrates can be made perfectly clean 
if machine is properly run; there is no advantage in most cases in 
letting sand go over with the mineral. The concentrates are at intervals 
scraped with a hoe from tank No. 15 into box No. 14, and must never be 
allowed to pile up so high under the belt as to rub it. 

CLEANLINESS —Absolute cleanliness is of all things most neces¬ 
sary. Woodwork and ironwork should be kept spotless. A dirty machine 
never does good zcork and soon wears out. In properly conducted mills 
one man will easily attend to sixteen machines; keep them clean and in 
order, and handle the concentrates. Machines are now in good order 
which have been running continuouslv for eight years. If a machine needs 
constant attention it is positiz’e evidence that it is either improperly run, 
or that either the speed, feed or water supply is irregular. 


RULES FOR STRAIGHTENING THE FLANGES OF BELTS. 

Practical experience proves that the best way to straighten the flange 
of a belt (where steam is convenient) is to place an iron bar on each side 
of the flange, clamp the bars tightly, and then turn on the steam and 
heat the flange and bars quite hot, when the flange should regain its 
natural position. 

Heating two small bars of iron so they can be handled with gloves, 
taking care they are not hot enough to burn the rubber, and clamping one 
on each side of the flange and allowing them to remain there until cool, 
should answer the purpose in nearly all cases. 

If a flange is not badly warped it can generally be straightened by 
pouring hot water over it, and while hot, working and rolling the flange 
into its natural position with the hands, or by covering it with several 
thicknesses of burlap and wetting with hot water. 

If the flanges are very bad, a tin mould can be used which fits over 
the flange. This mould is kept filled with hot water until the flange 
becomes pliable. The flange is allowed to cool in the mould and will 
readily take its natural shape after one or more applications. We supply 
these tm moulds, or a drawing from which they may be made. 


Piate No. 194-4 


A 


A 



PLACING THE COUNTERSHAFT. 

The counter-shaft to drive the Frue Concentrators is placed parallel 
with the cam-shaft and main line shaft of the mill. It is therefore placed 
at right angles to the crank-shaft and pulley of the concentrator itself. 
This necessitates the use of a quarter-twist belt. The proper placing of 
this countershaft and pulley is very important for with it properly set 
the quarter-twist belt runs as well, as true and with as little wear as if it 
were a straight belt, while if not properly set, it will run off the pulley. 
This placing of a countershaft and pulley for a quarter-twist belt does not 
seem to be generally understood even by good mechanics, and we there¬ 
fore give the above cut, illustrating the placing of this countershaft. This 
will make plain the proper method; a a is the crank-shaft of the concen- 


25 






















trator; b b is the counter-shaft; on b b are one tight and one loose pulley— 
the belt is shown on the tight pulley. 

The rule is as follows: 

“In placing the counter-shaft and its pulley, the pulley should be set 
so that the side from which the belt leaves it is in line with the square of 
the crank-shaft of the concentrator at that point.” 

It will be borne in mind that the crank-shaft is not horizontal. 


CARE OF BELTS. 

The belts are carefully packed in boxes for shipment. In order to pro¬ 
tect these belts, it is necessary that they be rolled and boxed. In doing so, 
the flanges are bent out of their normal position. Upon the arrival of the 
belts at their destination, they should be promptly removed from the boxes 
in which they are packed and hung upon rollers. The best way to do this 
is to take one of the large rollers of the machine and hang it up in the 
building in such a manner that the belt can be suspended upon it without 
touching the floor. This will permit of the belt being turned at regular 
intervals so that the flange will not remain in one position on the roller for 
any great length of time and thus become flattened. Belts will last longer 
when in constant use than when idle, therefore it is best after the machines 
have been erected and the belts put in place, even though no ore is being 
treated, to keep the machines in operation, as this keeps the belts in motion 
and avoids placing any continued strain upon the flange where it passes 
over the end rollers, such as would exist if the belt remained in one posi¬ 
tion for any great length of time. It is also very desirable to have a light 
flow of water over the belts even when these are not in operation. This is 
particularly necessary and desirable in dry and hot climates where the heat 
has a tendency to dry and harden the rubber, causing it to crack and break 
when passing over the rollers. 

Do not keep the belts where the heat or cold is extreme. In winter, 
when a new belt has been exposed to extreme cold, always warm it by 
keeping it in a warm room for a day or so before putting it on the 
machine. If the flanges are cold, they are liable to crack with the slightest 
stretching. Do not hang new belts near a stove, boiler, or steam radiatoi 
and in warm climates do not hang them up where they will be exposed 
to the sun or to the hot, dry air. Do not allow grease or acids to come 
near the belts. 


2(3 



Allis-Chalmers Co* 

MILWAUKEE, WIS. 

U. S. A. 

FRUE ORE CONCENTRATOR 

REGULAR REPAIRS FOR 4 FT. AND 6 FT. FRUE VANNERS. 

Short Hub . A Washers on Shaking Frame for Eccentric Shaft 

Long “ . A1 Supports .... N2 Worm Shaft 


«WM 


ROLL SHAFT BOX J 2 


ROLL SHAFT BOX ~J I 


Roller Head 


Washers on Roller heads . 
Hand Wheel with screw cast in 
Recessed Washers 
Bracket Box for Crank . 

Hand Wheel Long Hub (End of 
Speed Rod) 

Hand Wheel Short Hub (Belt 
Tightener) .... 
Small Rollers .... 
Distributor Brackets . . D 

Brass Boxes . ... 

Shaking Frame 

Cone. 

Bushings on Eccentric Shaft 
Driving Pulley .... 
Roll Shaft Boxes (Tail Roller) 

“ “ “ (Head “ ) 

Worm Shaft Bracket 

“ Wheel (Right or Left) R 

Crank . 

Half Collar on Flanged Pulley 

Hub. 

Half Collar on Flanged Pulley 

Hub. 

Spring Collar ... 
Washers on Shaking Frame for 
Supports .... 
Washers on Alain Frame for 
Supports .... 


iSQUARE WASHERS ’R 


SQUARE WASHERS 

"s ri ; 

“S2”; r 1 


SqUARE 


Be SAND distributor; 


Iron Legs 

Long Brass Spouts 

Short “ 

Wood Main Frame 
Rubber Belt 
Launder . 


WATER OISTRIBUTOI 


PITMAN 


Nut (inclination adjustment screw) 


ROLL SHAFT box JI 


ROLL SHAFT BOX J 2 ‘ 


CRANK L2 


BRACKETT BOX 
HAND WHEEL“ r 
SHORT HUB 1 


•MAIN SHAFT^ BOX 
--BOTTOM X ' 

-CAP "XV' 1 , 


SHOWING PITMAN CONNECTION 


(hand wheelX 
(LONG HUB I 1 


WORM CASE 


BUSHING H 


WASHER" "A3 


WASHER 


— ,-,- 


PITMAN 


WASHER 


ROLLER HEAD^AJ J 


WASHER 


HEAD 


Corrugated Belt Vanner Repairs. 

The Repairs for Corrugated Belt Vanners are exactly the same as tor the Regular 
Vanner with the following exceptions: 

1. The 27 Brass Spouts 1 are replaced by 17 long spouts IS and 1 1 short spouts 19. 

2. The Plain Rubber Belt 21 is replaced by a Corrugated Belt. 

3. Three additional Rollers with Chairs are provided. 

furnished with Vanners having wooden legs. 


ROLLER HEAD 


ROLLER HEAD "A 1 ' 

/ ROLLER HEAD 


ROLLER HEAD ’A 


SECTION OF MORSE BELT VANNER 
WATER DISTRIBUTOR SHOWING 
LONG AND SHORT BRASS SPOUTS 






ROLLER HEAD 

V A 2” 


LOWER TAIL ROLLER 
□ R TIGHTENER 


LOWER HEAD ROLLER 


Note 


WOODEN.SAND DISTRIBUTOR 


HAND WHE 1 


O S « 

.BRACKET FOR SAND DISTRIBUTOR & | 


WASHER 

fi; 


DISTRIBUTOR BRACfI 


coneI 


RAND WHEEL- 
'.SHORT HUB* 


SUPPORTS 10 


LEATHER BELT 


HANGER P2F X 


SUPPORT 


HANGFR PIE 


supportJ 


WORM 


■haft [BRACKET 


WORM Z 


WOOD MAIN 

'frame 20 


HANGER BOX 




TANGED PULLEY 


C 2 

HAND WHEEL 
LONG HUB ’ 
SHORT ” 


WASHER Ni 


washer'N l 


LAUNDER 

22 


WASHER 


NUT OF INCLINATION 
ADJUSTMENT SCREW 


NOTE: 

-.The Sills are parts of the Building. 

Concentrate Boxes 14, 15 and 16 are not furnished except on special order 


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Allis-Chalmers Company 

PRINCIPAL PRODUCTS 


AIR COMPRESSORS 

Steam Driven 
Belt Driven 
Electrically Driven 
Hydraulic Driven 

BLOWING ENGINES 
CEMENT MACHINERY 

Ball Mills 
Balls, Forged 

Coal Pulverizing Machinery 

Crushing Rolls 

Elevators 

Mixing Pans 

Perforated Metals 

Revolving Screens 

Rock and Ore Breakers 

Rotary Dryers 

Rotary Kilns 

Tube Mills 

Tube Mill Linings 

Tube Mill Pebbles 

CHILLED ROLLS 
COALMINING MACHINERY 

Barney Cars 
Crusher Rolls 
Hoisting Cages 
Revolving Screens 
Shaking Screens 
Ventilating Fans 

CONDENSERS 

Jet 

Barometric 

CORLISS ENGINES 
CRUSHING MACHINERY 

Ballast Plants 
Crushing Rolls 
Dumping Skips 
Gyratory Rock Breakers 
Jaw Crushers 
Macadam Plants 
Perforated Metals 
Portable Crushing Plants 
Revolving Screens 
Quarry Cars 
Elevators 
Hoists 

ENGINES 

Blowing Engines 
Corliss Engines 
Gas Engines 
Hoisting Engines 
Pumping Engines 
Rocking Valve Engines 
Rolling Mill Engines 

FEED WATER HEATERS 


FLOUR MILL MACHINERY 

Bolters, Universal 

Bolting Cloth 

Bran and Shorts Brushes 

Centrifugal Reels 

Corn Mills 

Feed Mills 

Feed Screens 

Flaking Rolls 

Flour Packers 

Hexagon Reels 

Purifiers 

Roll Corrugating 
Roller Mills 
Rolling Screens 
Scalping Reels 
Sieve Scalpers 

GAS ENGINES 
HOISTING ENGINES 
HYDRAULIC MACHINERY 

Water Turbines 
Turbine Governors 

MINING MACHINERY 

Air Compressors 
Boiling Tanks 
Chilian Mills 
Chlorination Plants 
Concentrating Plants 
Copper Converting Plants 
Crushing Plants 
Cyanide Plants 
Frue Vanners 
Gold and Silver Mills 
Gold Dredging Machinery 
Gyratory Breakers 
Hancock Jigs 
Hoisting Machinery 
Horse Whims 
Huntington Mills 
Jaw Crushers 
Lead Refining Plants 
Lixiviation Plants 
Mining Cages 
Mining Cars 

Mine Ventilating Machinery 
Ore Buckets 
Ore Cars 
Ore Feeders 

Overstrom Concentrators 
Prospecting Mills 
Roasting Furnaces 
Skips 

Smelting Machinery 
Stamps, Gravity 
Stamps, Steam 
Stamps, Atmospheric 
Stamp Shoes, and Dies 
T ramways 

Tube Mills, Wet and Dry 


PERFORATED METALS 

POWER TRANSMISSION 
MACHINERY 

Belt Tighteners 

Boxes 

Couplings 

Gears 

Hangers 

Pulleys 

Rope Sheaves 

Shafting 

PUMPING MACHINERY 

Centrifugal Pumps 
Elevator Pumps 
Fire Service Pumps 
Geared Pumps 

'■‘High Duty” Pumping Engines 
Hydraulic Transmission Pumps 
Mine Pumps 

Multi-Stage, High Lift Centrifugals 
Screw Pumps 

ROLLING MILL ENGINES 
SUGAR MACHINERY 
SAW MILL MACHINERY 

Band Mills, Double Cutting 
Band Mills, Single Cutting 
Band Re-saws, Horizontal 
Board Lifters, Steam 
Cant Flippers, Steam 
Canting Machine, Overhead 
Circular Saw Mills 
Conveying Machinery 
Cutting Off Saws, Steam Feed 
Edgers 

Edging Grinders 

Feeds, Steam, Direct Acting 

Feeds, Steam, Twin Engine 

Filing Room Tools 

Lath Mills and Bolters 

Live Rolls and Drives 

Log Chains 

Log Jacks 

Log Loaders 

Log Turners 

Niggers, Steam 

Rocking Valve Engines 

Saw Mill Carriages 

Set Works 

Slashers 

Steam Feed Valves 
Stock Lifters, Steam 
T rimmers 

TIMBER PRESERVING 
MACHINERY 

TURBINES—STEAM 

TURBINES—WATER 


ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT 

The Bullock Electric Mfg. Co. 

Alternating Current Generators and Motors. 

Belted type generators Synchronous Frequency Changers Induction Motor-Generator Sets Transformers 

Engine type generators Induction Motor Frequency Changers Synchronous Motors Rotary Converters 

Fly-wheel type generators Synchronous Motor-Generator Sets Induction Motors Turbo-Generators 

Water-wheel type generators 

Direct Current Generators and Motors. 

Belted type motors and generators Small multipolar motors and generators Complete Bullock Teaser Equipments for Print 

Engine type generators Small Bipolar and multipolar motors and gen- ing Presses 

Railway generators erators Multiple Voltage Balancing Sets 

Street Car Equipments, Motors, Controllers, Etc. Multiple Voltage Variable Speed Equipments 

Switchboards for Direct Current and Alternating Current. 


Allis-Chalmers Company. 

DIRECTORS 


Edward D. Adams, New York. 

Charles Allis, Milwaukee, Wis. 

William W. Allis, Milwaukee, Wis. 

George Bullock, Cincinnati, O. 

William J. Chalmers, Chicago, Ill. 

Mark T. Cox, East Orange, N. J. 

James H. Eckels, Chicago, Ill. 

Benjamin H. Warren, New 


Elbert H. Gary, New York. 

Max Pam, Chicago Ill. 

William A. Read, New York. 
Edwin Reynolds, Milwaukee, Wis. 
James Stillman, New York. 
Cornelius Vanderbilt, New York. 
Edmund C. Converse, New York. 
York. 


Charles Allis. 
Mark T. Cox. 


EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, NEW YORK OFFICE. 

Edward D. Adams, Chairman. 

Elbert H. Gary. James Stillman. 

William A. Read. Cornelius Vanderbilt. 


EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. 

Chairman of the Board of Directors: Elbert H. Gary, New York. 

Chairman of the Executive Committee, Edward D. Adams, New York. 

President: Benjamin H. Warren, New York. 

Vice-President and General Manager: Walter H. Whiteside, Milwaukee, Wis. 
Vice-President and Treasurer: William J. Chalmers, Chicago, Ill 
Vice-President and Secretary: W. W. Nichols, New York. 

Comptroller: James A. Milne, Milwaukee, Wis. 

Assistant Treasurer and Assistant Secretary: Henry Woodland, Milwaukee, Wis. 
Assistant Secretary and Ass’t Treasurer: George A. Brewster, New York. 


Chief Engineer: Asa M. Mattice, Milwaukee, Wis. 
Consulting Engineer: Edwin Reynolds, Milwaukee, Wis. 
General Superintendent: Charles C. Tyler, Milwaukee, Wis. 
Chief Electrical Engineer: B. A. Behrend, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Manager of Publicity: Arthur Warren, Milwaukee, Wis. 


28 



Allis-Chalmers Company 


General Offices 


WORKS 


Milwaukee: 

Reliance W orks 


Flour Mill and Saw Mill Machinery, 

Power Transmission Machinery. 

West Allis Works: 

Steam Engines, Hoisting Engines, Blowing 
Engines, Pumping Engines, Steam and 
Hydraulic Turbines. 


Milwaukee, Wis. 


Chicago: 

Works No. 1 : 

Crushing and Cement Machinery, 
Works No. 2 : 

Mining Machinery. 

Scranton, Pa.: 

Scranton Works : 

Sugar Machinery. 


Cincinnati, Ohio: Electrical Department, The Bullock Electric Mfg. Co. 


Executive Offices 


71 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 


DISTRICT OFFICES 


Atlanta, Ga., Fourth Nat’l Bank Bldg. 
Baltimore, Md., Continental Bldg. 
Boston, Mass., State Mutual Bldg. 
Buffalo, N. Y., Ellicott Square Bldg. 
Butte, Mont., 51 East Broadway. 
Chicago, Ill., First National Bank Bldg. 
Cincinnati, O., First National Bank Bldg. 
Cleveland, Ohio, New England Bldg. 
Dallas, Texas, Wilson Bldg. 

Deadwood, S. D. 

Denver, Col., 1651 Tremont St. 

Detroit, Mich., 800 Union Trust Bldg. 


El Paso, Texas, Orndorff Hotel Bldg. 

Kansas City, Mo., The Dwight Bldg., cor. 

Baltimore Ave. and Tenth St. 
Minneapolis, Minn., Corn Exchange Bldg, 
New York, 71 Broadway. 

Omaha, Neb., 502 N. 25th St. 

Philadelphia, Pa., Land Title Bldg. 
Pittsburg, Pa., Frick Bldg. 

St. Louis, Mo., Chemical Building. 

Salt Lake City. Utah, 209 S. W. Temple St. 
San Francisco, Cal., Rialto Bldg. 

Seattle, Wash., 816 Occidental Ave. 
Spokane, Wash., cor. Howard and First Sts. 


FOREIGN SALES OFFICES 
London, 533 Salisbury House, Finsbury Circus, E. C. 
Johannesburg, South Africa, The Corner House. 


CANADA 

Allis-Chalmers-Bullock, Ltd.: Works, Montreal, Canada. 


Offices 

Halifax, N. S.—Allis-Chalmers-Bullock, Ltd., 1*46 Hollis St. 

Montreal, Canada—Allis-Chalmers-Bullock, Ltd., Sovereign Bank Bldg. 
Toronto, Canada—Allis-Chalmers-Bullock, Ltd., McKinnon Bldg. 
Vancouver, B. C.—Allis-Chalmers-Bullock, Ltd., Ormidale Bldg. 
Winnipeg, Manitoba—Allis-Chalmers-Bullock, Ltd., Canada Life Bldg. 


Auckland, New Zealand, 
Buenos Ayres, 
Constantinople, Turkey, 
Johannesburg, South Africa, 
Lima, Peru, 

Melbourne, Australia, 

Perth, West Australia, 
Valparaiso, Chili, 
Yokohama, Japan, 


FOREIGN SALES AGENCIES 


John Chambers & Son, Ltd. 

Donnell & Palmer 
J. G. Johnson & Co. 
Herbert Ainsworth (for Rock Crushers OnljO 
. . Henry Guyer 

Knox, Schlapp & Co., Propy. Ltd. 

Frank R. Perrot 
John R. Beaver 
The American Trading Company 








































































